The ''buk'' () is a traditional

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

drum The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a she ...

. While the term ''buk'' is a native Korean word used as a generic term meaning "drum" (the Sino-Korean word being ''go''), it is most often used to refer to a shallow

barrel A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, ...

-shaped drum, with a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin. Buk are categorized as ''hyeokbu'' (혁부, ) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used for ''

jeongak ''Jeongak'' (literally "proper music") is that category of Korean music which is considered Korean Court Music, classical, as distinct from ''minsogak'' which is folk music. The category has traditionally been associated with the upper classes. Th ...

'' (Korean court music) and folk music.

History

The buk used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat their with ''bukchae'' (북채, a

drum stick A drum stick (or drumstick) is a type of percussion mallet used particularly for playing snare drum, drum kit, and some other percussion instruments, and particularly for playing unpitched percussion. Specialized beaters used on some other pe ...

) on one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly beat their with it on their right hand as hitting the other side of the buk with their bare left hand. A while ago, even ''jong'' (종, bell) was referred to as "''soebuk''" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in the ''buk'' category. ''Buk'' have been used for

Korean music Korea refers to music from the Korean peninsula ranging from prehistoric times to the division of Korea into South and North in 1945. It includes court music, folk music, poetic songs, and religious music used in shamanistic and Buddhist traditi ...

since the period of the

Three Kingdoms of Korea Samhan or the Three Kingdoms of Korea () refers to the three kingdoms of Goguryeo (고구려, 高句麗), Baekje (백제, 百濟), and Silla (신라, 新羅). Goguryeo was later known as Goryeo (고려, 高麗), from which the modern name ''Kor ...

(57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings in Anak Tomb of

Goguryeo Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...

(37 BC – 668 AD) and records of

Book of Sui The ''Book of Sui'' (''Suí Shū'') is the official history of the Sui dynasty. It ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial China. It was written by Yan Shigu, Kong Yingda, and Zhangsun Wuji, with Wei Zheng as the lead author. ...

on the kingdoms,

and

Baekje Baekje or Paekche (, ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla. Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jum ...

(18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types of buk are depicted in the paintings titled ''Juakdo'' (주악도, , "painting of playing music") and ''Haengryeoldo'' (행렬도, , "painting of marching") such as ''ipgo'' (입고, ) and ''damgo'' (담고, ) respectively. The ''ipgo'' is a buk that performers beat as standing, while the ''damgo'' is a ''buk'' that drummers strike as carrying it on their shoulder. During the

Unified Silla Unified Silla, or Late Silla (, ), is the name often applied to the Korean kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, after 668 CE. In the 7th century, a Silla–Tang alliance conquered Baekje and the southern part of Goguryeo in the ...

period (668–935), (대고, ) or , meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument named (박, ) in a music played by ''Samhyeon samjuk'' (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises samhyeon, three string instruments such as ''

geomungo The geomungo (also spelled ''komungo'' or ''kŏmun'go'') or ''hyeongeum'' (literally "black zither", also spelled ''hyongum'' or ''hyŏn'gŭm'') is a traditional Korean plucked zither with both bridges and frets. ''Geomungo'' is a representative ...

'', ''

gayageum The ''gayageum'' or ''kayagum'' (in Korean 가야금, 伽倻琴 in Chinese characters) is a traditional Korean plucked zither with 12 strings, though some more recent variants have 18, 21 or 25 strings. It is probably the best known traditional ...

'', and '' hyangbipa'' and ''samjuk'' such as , and . In the

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificati ...

period (918–1392), as and were introduced to Korea from

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, a lot of such as , , began to be used for the court music. In the Joseon period, scores of were used for the royal court music including and others. Among them was also used for folk music, and later became the most commonly used instrument. While there are twenty types of ''buk'' used in the present Korean traditional music, most commonly used buk are to perform (삼현육각, 三絃六角), for marching music, for (북춤, drum dance), for Buddhist ritual ceremonies, ''sogo'' used by

Namsadang The ''namsadang'' () is a Korean itinerant troupe which consists of male performers who present various performing arts such as acrobatics, singing, dancing and playing like a circus. It is said that ''namsadang'' was spontaneously formed before ...

, and street musicians, or called for , (or called ) used for , and used by farmers as working.

Usages

There are two forms of undecorated used in Korean folk music: the used to accompany ', which has tacked heads, is called a (소리북), while the ''buk'' used to accompany ''

pungmul ''Pungmul'' (; ) is a Korean folk music tradition that includes drumming, dancing, and singing. Most performances are outside, with dozens of players all in constant motion. ''Pungmul'' is rooted in the ''dure'' (collective labor) farming cultur ...

'' music, which has laced heads, is called ''pungmul-buk'' (풍물북).photo
/sup> The is played with both an open left hand and a stick made of

birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech-oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 30 ...

that is held in the right hand, with the stick striking both the right drumhead and the wood of the drum's body. The ''pungmul-buk'' is one of the four instruments used in ''

samul nori Samul nori (사물놀이) is a genre of percussion music that originated in Korea. The word ''samul'' means "four objects", while ''nori'' means "play". Samul nori is performed with four traditional Korean musical instruments. They are '' Kkwaengg ...

'', a modern performance version of ''pungmul'

It is played by striking a single stick (usually with the right hand) on only one of its heads. Due to its similarity in shape and construction, the (hangul: 용고; hanja: wikt:龍, 龍鼓; literally "dragon drum"), which is a barrel drum with tacked heads decorated with painted dragon designs and used in the military wind-and-percussion music called ''

daechwita Daechwita () is a genre of Korean traditional music consisting of military music played by wind and percussion instruments, generally performed while marching or as a static performance. Instrumentation Instruments used include ''nabal'' (b ...

'', is sometimes also classified as a form of ''buk''. It is struck with two padded sticks. A modern set of ''buk'' (usually four) is called ''modeum buk'' (모듬북).photo
/sup> They are typically placed horizontally on wooden stands and played with sticks.photo
/sup>

Types

Janggu The ''janggu'' (, also transliterated as ''janggo'' or ''changgo'') or sometimes called ''seyogo'' (slim waist drum) is the most representative drum in traditional Korean music. It is available in most kinds, and consists of an hourglass-shaped ...

or Janggo (hangul: 장고 or 장구; hanja: 杖鼓 or 長鼓) – A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum played with one stick in each hand, or with one stick and one hand *

Galgo The ''galgo'' (or ''yangjang-go'' or ''yang-go'') is a traditional Korean drum. The drum has an hourglass-shaped wooden body and two drum heads of identical diameter, similar to the ''janggu''. Compared to the ''janggu'', the ''galgo'' is fitte ...

(hangul: 갈고; hanja: 羯鼓) – Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum similar to the ''janggo'' but played with two sticks and thinner drum heads; sometimes called ''yanggo'' or ''yangjanggo''; no longer commonly use

* Jingo (drum), Jingo (hangul: 진고; hanja: 晉鼓) – Largest barrel drum * Jeolgo (hangul: 절고; hanja: ) – Barrel drum * Jwago (hangul: 좌고; hanja: ) – A barrel drum in a wooden frame * Geongo (hangul: 건고; hanja: ) – Huge barrel drum * Yonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja: ) – A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell; used in ''

'' * Eunggo (hangul: 응고; hanja: ) – Barrel drum suspended from a frame * Sakgo – (hangul: 삭고; hanja: ) – A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame * Gyobanggo (hangul: 교방고; hanja: ) – Flat drum suspended from a frame *

Junggo Junggo is a populated place in Batu, East Java, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, includin ...

(hangul: 중고; hanja: ) – Flat drum suspended from a frame; similar to the but larger * Sogo (hangul: 소고; hanja: ) – A small hand-held drum *

Nogo No go or Nogo may refer to: *Nogo A, B, C, or Nogo-66, isoforms of a neurite outgrowth inhibitory protein Reticulon 4. *No-go area, a military or political term for an area to which access is restricted or travel is dangerous * No-go pill, a milit ...

(hangul: 노고; hanja: ) – A set of two drums pierced by a pole *

Nodo Downtown Omaha is the central business, government and social core of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, U.S. state of Nebraska. The boundaries are Omaha's 20th Street on the west to the Missouri River on the east and the centerline ...

(hangul: 노도; hanja: ) – A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music *

Yeongdo Yeongdo District is a '' gu'' in Busan, South Korea. The ''gu'' itself is limited to Yeong-do (''Yeong Island'') located on the south edge of central Busan. It attained the status of ''gu'' in 1957. The Korea Maritime and Ocean University and t ...

(hangul: 노도; hanja:) – Four drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music * Noedo (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: )) – six small drums hung in a frame; used in ritual music * Noego (hangul: 뇌고; hanja: ) – Three small barrel drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music * Do (도) – single pellet drum on a pole

Gallery

Image:Airman Buk.jpg, A South Korean

airman An airman is a member of an air force or air arm of a nation's armed forces. In certain air forces, it can also refer to a specific enlisted rank. An airman can also be referred as a soldier in other definitions. In civilian aviation usage, t ...

playing a ''pungmul-buk'' Image:Korea-Haeinsa-23.jpg, ''Beopgo'' Image:Korea-Seoul-Janggu-01.jpg, ''

'' File:Korean drumming.jpg, Drum performance File:Korean drumming 2.jpg, Korean drummer Image:Korea-Seoul-Insadong-Sanchon-04.jpg

References

*''

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language ''Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', it is one of the largest reference works on the history and theo ...

'', 2nd ed. S.v. "Puk," by Robert C. Provin

* *

Bibliography

Samguk Sagi ''Samguk Sagi'' (, ''History of the Three Kingdoms'') is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The ''Samguk Sagi'' is written in Classical Chinese, the written language of the literati of ancient Korea, ...

* Goryeosa *

Akhak Gwebeom The ''Akhak gwebeom'' (Hangul: 악학궤범, Hanja: 樂學軌範; literally "Musical Canon") is a nine-volume treatise on music, written in Korea in the 15th century, in the Joseon Dynasty. It is written by hand in hanja, and depicts, in line dra ...

* 민요와 향토악기 (장사훈, 상문당, 1948) * 국악개요 (장사훈, 정연사, 1961) * 한국음악사전 (대한민국예술원, 1985) * 국악대사전 (장사훈, 세광음악출판사, 1984)

External links

Video showing used in Video showing used in
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buk (Drum) Drums Korean musical instruments Asian percussion instruments